A Ming dynasty in the latter part of the community.
Ming dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang in order to strengthen the rule of absolute monarchy, the abolition of the prime minister, a “6″, and directly to the leadership and management of the emperor and a “cabinet”, as the emperor’s secretary and advisers. To the Ming dynasty in the late Ming dynasty emperor gradually corruption continue, or for their own religious Liandan Changshengbulao addicted to, or for their own enjoyment and happiness in the day lascivious concubines, the state will be handed over to the “cabinet”. This raises the “cabinet” for the power of cliques in the dispute over the emperor through Jin Yiwei, plant control things, “cabinet” cliques in the struggle (mainly the party and the Yandang and Yan Dong Lin party struggle between the cliques ), And sometimes suppress this side, which side to support, and when the suppression side, to support this, so that the “cabinet” in control of the cliques dispute in the hands of their own, to achieve the objective of consolidating their rule, as people who have lost their land, how Living in dire straits, then completely ignored. Finally broke out a large-scale peasant uprising and the Commissioner of prosperity to the Manqingruguan wantonly looted. Ming Dynasty in these two areas under heavy blow to the downfall.
After the demise of the Ming Dynasty, if not the Commissioner of the Qing Dynasty, China will appear at how the situation »
The peasant uprising leader Li Zicheng in the military overthrew the Ming Dynasty, the peasant uprising if this can be transformed into the military to establish a new feudal dynasty’s army and for this new dynasty unified the country, then, after the Ming Dynasty extinction, we Chinese can still In the unification of the situation. However, this army of peasant uprising leader Li Zicheng, failed to become the leader of Zhu Yuanzhang, as the farmers, he can not be absorbed in the small and medium-sized landlord class Youcai have knowledge of disabilities, farmers will be demobilized into the establishment of a new feudal dynasty of the armed forces . Precisely because of this, then the landlord class of small and medium-sized know there are people in Youcai, the general reluctance to participate in this peasant uprising in the military, have participated in, nor can it be reusable, so this uprising after the army occupied Beijing National unity is not established a new dynasty, its best result they could only become separatism party (or in the Beijing area, or in other forces in the fight against separatism under the credit to the Shaanxi region) of separatism forces.
Clearly, if not the Commissioner of the Qing Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty extinction, China will split the separatist rule in the state: the Commissioner of the Qing Dynasty separatism is the sphere of influence; Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and Shandong, Li Zicheng Wu Sangui of separatism or spheres of influence; Or Li Zicheng moved back to Shaanxi to become separatism forces of separatism Sichuan Zhang Xianzhong sphere of influence; middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is the separatism Chaoting Nanming small sphere of influence, and so on. Thus, when the society will in the long-term war frequent social unrest in the state.
This separation, if it is to more than 100 years of the 19th century, no longer possible on the big unification of China, because the Western powers at its very easy to split the separatism of these small countries into their colony: a northern part of northeast China Russia’s colonies; south of the northeast, Hebei, Shandong and northern Jiangsu, and other places has become Japan’s colonial countries; southern Jiangsu, Zhejiang and southern Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan and other places has become Britain’s colonies; Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou, and 10% The French colonies, and so on.
From the visible, if that can not be the Manchu dynasty die out after entry, the world can not exist as we are today the one-China
Three entered the Central Plains to the Qing Dynasty Why »
Since the Yuan Dynasty, China’s feudal society into a multi-ethnic composition of the unified system of feudal imperial rule. Therefore, at this time such a thing would happen, or from the Central Plains Han nationality of the feudal landlord class establish a national unity of the feudal autocratic monarchy regime, or by a rise in stages of development, powerful minority into the Central Plains, to establish a unified The feudal autocratic monarchy regime.
Ming Dynasty perished later, when the Central Plains Han nationality of the feudal landlord class can not build a unified country’s feudal autocratic monarchy regime, is located outside the Manchu ethnic customs into the Central Plains, and establish a national unity government of the feudal autocratic monarchy - the Qing Dynasty.
Now have to ask, in the customs of the peoples of Manchuria into why the Central Plains, to establish a national unity of the feudal autocratic regimes? »
When Nurhachu in the late Ming Dynasty unified Nuzhen ministries, Khan said in 1616, after the establishment of the regime, the time of the Nuzhen people into the primitive society is only the beginning of the brutal era of advanced stage: “Khan” is actually in the brutal ethnic Nuzhen High times at the stage of the tribe established the League of the highest military head of the name, the name of their tribe Union as “gold.” Senior phase of the brutal era of a notable characteristic is that when the barbarians that the looting is engaged in production of more noble than the cause of its era when no civilization, as the army, engaged in predatory tribal war is for every adult Men, “out of soldiers, while income for the people.” Eight Banners of the establishment of the system, so that Nvzhen Ren looting during the war with the then world’s most powerful combat capability.
We Zhongyuan the Han nationality had experienced 1,000 years of brutal era of advanced stage, when the Nuzhen people in China only spent 20 years in the year 1636 fast forward to the establishment of slavery, the country, clearly, into the slave society . The time, Huangtaiji established state of slavery, and the Central Plains Han nationality in the early Western Zhou Dynasty established the country is the same as slavery, slavery-all Eastern tyranny countries. This state of slavery is the concept of the rule: the week with the Western Zhou Dynasty emperor, Huangtaiji claimed to be the son of God, God gives him the title, his domination of the Manchu people (Nvzhen Ren), as in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Wang Ji, Zhou emperor direct rule of free people, as is his citizens, and all the people of other nationalities, including the Han people, while all of his slaves, he not only be subject to the slavery, but also by the Manchu people of slavery. The Qing dynasty rulers of this rule idea has been to the Qing dynasty die out.
Manchu regime has a strong combat effectiveness of the armed forces, and from multiple entry in the heavily looted wealth, in customs, to establishing a strong base. And Li Zicheng led forces have been carrying out the farmers is Liukou tactics, and a strong base, together with Wu Sangui surrender the Qing Dynasty, Li Zicheng led by the army of peasants lost Qingjun was inevitable. The results, in the Manchu ethnic group the rule of the positive spirit of encouragement, in the combat effectiveness of the Eight Banners with a strong military offensive, the peasant army quickly collapsed, with the confrontation of the Han nationality of the landlord class and the regime remnants of forces, as Cuikulaxiu To be eliminated.
From that, after the Ming Dynasty extinction, the historical choice of the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains, to establish a unified national regime of the feudal autocratic monarchy. Therefore, the establishment of the Qing Dynasty of the historic role of the positive, when China’s feudal society to its late development, China still able to unify its large presence in China have been the end of feudal society and the stability of China’s reunification, nor did Western powers because of the aggression so that the disintegration of China’s reunification, the Chinese nation so that we can survive in today’s world of forest.
Four limitations of the history of the Qing Dynasty.
(1) Since the reunification of Nuzhen Nurhachu ministries into the primitive society of the brutal era of advanced stage, China’s Manchu ethnic minorities, in the fast-forward development: After a short period of 20 years, it developed into a society of slavery , The establishment of the East-authoritarian state of slavery, from Capital Beijing in 1644 after the ruling group in the Qing Dynasty to the representative of the Shunzhi to absorb part of the rulers of the feudal culture of Han Nationality, to the feudal society in the implementation of the transition. However, when the ruling group in the Qing Dynasty, is still stubbornly maintained Eastern autocratic rule of the concept of slavery to Duo Ergun as the representative of the absolute rulers occupy a dominant position, they stubbornly maintained a brutal era when advanced stage The brutality of slavery and the slave society of the brutal; launched in the process of reunification of the war, to the east of autocratic rule concept of slavery, the Han and other ethnic groups as a conquered nation, conquered the Han and The people of other nationalities as slaves, the resistance of the Han and other ethnic people, the implementation of their barbaric and brutal massacres.
(2) Clear Aobai Kangxi, the Qing Dynasty rulers advance to the implementation of feudal rule of signs. This is the ruler of the Qing Dynasty in advance can reach the highest point, that is, since then, the Qing Dynasty rulers no longer possible to the moving forward, can no longer come to a higher point enhanced. Because in agriculture and handicraft combination of natural economic status of the absolute, only coastal city in its infancy when capitalism in Chinese society, and after Emperor Kangxi of the Qing dynasty rulers, only in this feudal system established on the basis of the economy The feudal system from the corresponding superstructure, that is, in our country when the feudal system of its economic basis, they may never build the superstructure to capitalism.
Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty and his previous rulers compared to the advance to the highest point of the Manchu rulers, because he will be the original of the Qing Dynasty of slavery into the feudal system of the Qing Dynasty. China’s historical progress from the point of view, in the time of China’s feudal social system has reached its end when Emperor Kangxi built is still the feudal system of the Qing Dynasty, and this dynasty rule of the feudal autocracy pushed to the top. Clearly, the limitations of history that can not be Emperor Kangxi and his contemporaries Bidetaidi par, because the Chinese Emperor Kangxi in the feudal society of the late Qing Dynasty slavery into the feudal autocratic rule will be pushed to the top of the feudal system of the Qing Dynasty, the same Bidedadi Russia in the late feudal society, then in his country through the abolition of serfdom, Russia’s feudal society into a capitalist society.
(3) Emperor Kangxi in China’s feudal society of the end of the feudal autocratic rule will be pushed to the top, through the introduction of closed-door policy and the policy to stifle the budding capitalist in the development of our country, stop the Chinese feudal society to capitalist society of any possibility of development, resulting in By the time the Chinese society “Wanmaqiyin” situation. Although the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong to their diligence in the conduct of public affairs, with no long-term war, has said the history of our country “Kangxi and Qianlong’s Spirit.” However, the development of history shows that the “Kangxi and Qianlong’s Spirit” can only be the downfall of China’s feudal society before the Huiguangfanzhao. In this Huiguangfanzhao after the Qing Dynasty rapid decline continue. As we reach the Chinese pole because of the feudal autocratic rule and more behind closed door policy of capitalist countries in East and West when the country did not make any progress in China’s feudal society to capitalist society, so only by the Western powers with artillery Hong Kai Qing Dynasty closed the door, so that the capitalist economy in China, making China a capitalist society can move forward to the possibility.